Indian squash, commonly known as Tinda, is a lesser-known member of the Cucurbitaceae family, traditionally utilized in both culinary practices and Ayurvedic medicine across the Indian subcontinent. While historically valued for its digestive and anti-inflammatory properties, recent pharmacological investigations have begun to uncover its potential neurological benefits. Preliminary in vivo and in vitro studies indicate that extracts of Indian Squash (P. fistulosus) exhibit significant antioxidant, anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, and neuroprotective activities, suggesting its possible role in modulating central nervous system (CNS) function. These effects are believed to be mediated by a diverse spectrum of bioactive phytochemicals, including flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, and phenolic acids. Several of these compounds may influence key neurotransmitter systems such as GABAergic and serotonergic pathways, contributing to the observed neuroactivity. This mini review consolidates the current state of knowledge surrounding the neuropharmacological potential of Indian Squash, examining its phytochemical composition, proposed mechanisms of action, and pharmacological profiles. Additionally, the review highlights the value of bio-guided fractionation approaches in identifying active constituents and underscores the need for rigorous mechanistic and clinical studies. Bridging traditional ethnomedicinal knowledge with modern neuropharmacological research may open new avenues for the development of plant-based therapeutics targeting neurological disorders.
